This essay first appeared in the November 2020 issue of Choice (volume 58 | issue 3).
As discussed in part 1 of this essay (published in the October 2020 issue of Choice), the onset of the Cold War and its increasingly polarized world order prompted a greater need for national intelligence on opposing nations, both for the US and the Soviet Union, particularly as undercover agents seemed to be hidden everywhere. For the US the OSS (Office of Strategic Services) had proved useful for collecting information during WW II, eventually leading to the development of a new organization, the Central Intelligence Agency.
Christopher C. Lovett's PhD is in Russian military history. He is a professor of history at Emporia State University, Emporia, Kansas.