AI governance is heavily intertwined with legal issues, making law one of the most complex and rapidly evolving aspects of AI. In The Black Box Society: Secret Algorithms That Control Money and Information, Frank Pasquale supports stronger regulatory oversight. Currently, AI-related laws are often inaccessible, unclear, and underdeveloped, leading to widespread confusion. Much of the existing literature on AI law focuses on recommending new regulations and evaluating how existing laws might be applied to AI technologies, such as Charles Kerrigan’s edited Artificial Intelligence: Law and Regulation and Thomas Wischmeyer and Timo Rademacher’s edited Regulating Artificial Intelligence.
Legal limits on AI are in their infancy. Legal authors primarily state the need for limits in areas that parallel existing laws. Matthias Artzt, Nils Lölfing, Simon Hembt, and Oliver Belitz’s edited International Handbook of AI Law: A Guide to Understanding and Resolving the Legal Challenges of Artificial Intelligence, Woodrow Barfield and Ugo Pagallo’s edited Research Handbook on the Law of Artificial Intelligence, and Gabriel Hallevy’s When Robots Kill: Artificial Intelligence Under Criminal Law provide comprehensive discussions about liability, accountability, product safety, cybersecurity, employment law, criminal law, antitrust, data privacy and protection, health confidentiality, intellectual property rights, and copyright laws.
Copyright laws will likely have significant effects on the television and movie industries. AI can recreate the voices of deceased actors so well that few would notice, according to Bernard Marr’s Generative AI in Practice: 100+ Amazing Ways Generative Artificial Intelligence Is Changing Business and Society. Even deepfake images of living or deceased actors add to copyright challenges, according to Bart Custers and Eduard Fosch-Villaronga’s Law and Artificial Intelligence: Regulating AI and Applying AI in Legal Practice. These authors, and Ryan Abbott in The Reasonable Robot: Artificial Intelligence and the Law, explore the challenges of attributing authorship to AI-generated works and the implications for intellectual property law.
AI can transform legal practice through the automation of tasks such as legal research, analytics, and drafting laws, as discussed in Abdi Aidid and Benjamin Alarie’s The Legal Singularity: How Artificial Intelligence Can Make Law Radically Better, David Engstrom’s Legal Tech and the Future of Civil Justice, and Martin Ebers and Susana Navas’ Algorithms and Law. Legal analytics can help lawyers forecast the future. The practice helps legal professionals integrate court cases and determine how long a case will last. Kevin Ashley’s Artificial Intelligence and Legal Analytics: New Tools for Law Practice in the Digital Age explores AI’s role in legal analytics. In The Legal Singularity: How Artificial Intelligence Can Make Law Radically Better, Abdi Aidid and Benjamin Alarie present a future where technology facilitates the functional “completeness” of law, making it more complex in specification yet vastly more knowable, fairer, and clearer.
AI must still be integrated into legal services, highlighting both benefits and challenges. Lawyers may not be eliminated, but their roles could be reduced according to Joanna Goodman’s Robots in Law: How Artificial Intelligence Is Transforming Legal Services.
Research Handbook on the Law of Artificial Intelligence
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