These issues would remain central to public understandings of intelligence operations for years, becoming even more salient in the present. From the birth of the OSS during WW II to the development of its offshoot, the CIA, the US government’s ongoing efforts to strengthen intelligence activities would continue to raise issues about the importance of protecting citizens’ rights against the need to counter serious security threats, particularly as counter espionage operations by the Soviet Union and later Russia would continue to ramp up over time, as will be detailed in part two of this essay, forthcoming in the November 2020 issue of Choice.